一次区域暴雨天气过程分析     

叶树春  周武  蔡晶 《广东气象》2011,33(6):8-12

利用常规气象观测资料、1°×1°NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料等,对2009年4 月 24 ～25日广东出现的一次区域暴雨过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:高层辐散、高空槽过境与低层低涡东移耦合,冷空气和西南暖湿气流在广东中心部地区交汇,形成明显的气旋性辐合,促进了强降水的发展;弱冷空气入侵触发了此次降水过程,而低空西南急流...  相似文献   

2010年浙南地区一次暴雨过程诊断分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

曹楚  王忠东 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(4):46-51

利用常规观测资料、中尺度自动站加密资料、多普勒雷达资料和NCEP1°×1°再兮析资料．对2010年5周8曲日发生在浙南的一次暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,结果发现：此次暴雨是在横槽转竖的大背景下,西风槽和高原槽东移合并加强,并在东移过程中与低层切变共同作用造成的;低空急流的形成在水汽的输送和聚集过程中发挥了重要作用;暴雨过程...  相似文献   

The Possible Mechanism of a Type of Vortex Heavy Rainfall during the Pre-Rainy Season in South China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

LI Bo  LIU Li-Ping  ZHAO Si-Xiong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(5):247-252

In this paper,NCEP reanalysis data,intensive observation data collected from field experiment,model simulation data,and topographic trial data are fully analyzed to study a severe heavy rainfall event during 5 6 June 2008 in South China.Unlike most warm region rainfall cases,this one is associated with an obvious vortex system,which draws in water vapor and energy from the southwest monsoon surges ahead of a low trough above the Bengal Bay (BLT,Bengal Low Trough).At the lower troposphere,three currents,especially the southwest current and the east current,converge into the southeast of the vortex.Thus,the distributions of strong vorticity,water vapor,and ascending motion cause frequently occurrence and growth of convection there.The possible reasons for this rainfall event are summarized as a conceptual model.  相似文献   

Uncertainty assessment for watershed water quality modeling: A Probabilistic Collocation Method based approach     

Yi Zheng  Weiming WangFeng Han  Jing Ping 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(7):887-898

Watershed water quality models are increasingly used in management. However, simulations by such complex models often involve significant uncertainty, especially those for non-conventional pollutants which are often poorly monitored. This study first proposed an integrated framework for watershed water quality modeling. Within this framework, Probabilistic Collocation Method (PCM) was then applied to a WARMF model of diazinon pollution to assess the modeling uncertainty. Based on PCM, a global sensitivity analysis method named PCM-VD (VD stands for variance decomposition) was also developed, which quantifies variance contribution of all uncertain parameters. The study results validated the applicability of PCM and PCM-VD to the WARMF model. The PCM-based approach is much more efficient, regarding computational time, than conventional Monte Carlo methods. It has also been demonstrated that analysis using the PCM-based approach could provide insights into data collection, model structure improvement and management practices. It was concluded that the PCM-based approach could play an important role in watershed water quality modeling, as an alternative to conventional Monte Carlo methods to account for parametric uncertainty and uncertainty propagation.  相似文献   

Assessment of Metal Pollution in Water and Surface Sediments of the Seyhan River,Turkey, Using Different Indexes     

Orkun I. Davutluoglu  Galip Seckin  Cagatayhan B. Ersu  Turan Yilmaz  Bulent Sari 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(2):185-194

The aim of this study was to assess the level of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contamination and enrichment in the surface sediments of the Seyhan River, which is the receiving water body of both treated and untreated municipal and industrial effluents as well as agricultural drainage waters generated within Adana, Turkey. Sediment and water samples were taken from six previously determined stations covering the downstream of the Seyhan dam during both wet and dry seasons and the samples were then analyzed for the heavy metals of concern. When both dry and wet seasons were considered, metal concentrations varied significantly within a broad range with Al, 7210–33 967 mg kg^?1 dw; Cr, 46–122 mg kg^?1 dw; Cu, 6–57 mg kg^?1 dw; Fe, 10 294–26 556 mg kg^?1 dw; Mn, 144–638 mg kg^?1 dw; Ni, 82–215 mg kg^?1 dw; Pb, 11–75 mg kg^?1 dw; Zn, 34–146 mg kg^?1 dw in the sediments while Cd was at non‐detectable levels for all stations. For both seasons combined, the enrichment factor (EF) and the geo‐accumulation index (I_geo) for the sediments in terms of the specified metals ranged from 0.56 to 10.36 and ?2.92 to 1.56, respectively, throughout the lower Seyhan River. The sediment quality guidelines (SQG) of US‐EPA suggested the sediments of the Seyhan River demonstrated “unpolluted to moderate pollution” of Cu, Pb, and Zn, “moderate to very strong pollution” of Cr and Ni. The water quality data, on the other hand, indicated very low levels of these metals suggesting that the metal content in the surface sediments were most probably originating from fine sediments transported along the river route instead of water/wastewater discharges with high metal content.  相似文献   

Effects of Watershed Land Use and Lake Morphometry on the Trophic State of Chinese Lakes: Implications for Eutrophication Control   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wenzhi Liu  Quanfa Zhang  Guihua Liu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(1):35-42

Water quality in lakes is influenced by a large number of watershed and lake characteristics. In this study, we examined the relative effects of watershed land use and lake morphology on the trophic state of 19 lakes in the Yunnan plateau and lower Yangtze floodplain, the two most eutrophic regions in China. Trophic state parameters consisted of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll‐a, Secchi depth, and trophic state index, while lake morphometric variables included area, maximum depth, mean depth, water residence time (WRT), volume, and length to width ratio. Percentages of forest, grassland, cropland, unused land, built‐up land, and water body in each lake's watershed were extracted from a land use map interpreted from Landsat TM images. A t‐test indicated that lower Yangtze floodplain lakes were shallower and had higher percentages of cropland and built‐up land in watersheds than Yunnan plateau lakes. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that both watershed land use and lake morphometric variables were significantly related to most of the trophic state parameters. However, stepwise regression analyses demonstrated that the trophic state of the lower Yangtze floodplain lakes was mainly controlled by the percentages of cropland and built‐up land in watersheds, while that of Yunnan plateau lakes was mostly determined by the lake depth and WRT. These results suggest that the relative effects of watershed land use and lake morphology on lake trophic state are dependent on the lake's location. This study can provide some useful information in watershed land use management for controlling eutrophication in Chinese lakes.  相似文献   

基于HJ-1遥感数据的矿区水体污染监测与分析——以龙岩紫金山金铜矿为例     

陈绍杰  陈颖  杜培军  柳思聪 《四川测绘》2011,(6):252-255

矿产资源的持续开采与加工利用使得矿区周边水资源受到的污染日趋严重,急需采用先进技术对水污染进行监测分析,遥感技术是水环境监测最为有效的技术之一。利用国产环境一号小卫星多光谱遥感影像数据,针对福建省龙岩市紫金山矿区不同时相的数据进行水质遥感监测。利用近红外单波段阈值分割法提取悬浮物浓度信息,基于矿区酸碱性水体光谱曲线特性采用342波段假彩色合成影像,采用SVM分类方法进行分类,判别矿区水体酸碱性以及分析水体受污染程度变化和污染源。结果表明,研究区汀江水体2008年呈现碱性,2010年呈现弱碱性,水质在研究时段内得到一定的改善,但在选矿厂与矿区附近的水体中仍含有大量重金属沉积物。  相似文献   

多角度偏振遥感在水体油污染监测中的优势分析     

罗杨洁  朱俊 《国土资源遥感》2011,(3):32-36

为了更好地进行水体油污染监测,首先简要介绍了多角度偏振探测技术,然后着重分析了水体油污染目标的偏振特性,同时从目标地物反射光谱的偏振探测机理出发,讨论了它们偏振光谱的空间特征,并总结出3条普适规律.结果显示:偏振光谱信息与强度辐射光谱信息相比,目标地物间反射光谱的微小差异得到了增强,且在大角度入射时,增强效果更为明显....  相似文献   

基于极化相干矩阵的河流水质污染监测初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈炯  贾海峰  杨健  陈玉荣 《遥感学报》2011,15(5):1065-1078

利用遥感手段监测水质污染具有监测范围广、实时性强的优点。本研究选择中国南方地区水质变化明显的河流区域作为研究对象,利用C波段星载极化合成孔径雷达(极化SAR)卫星RADARSAT-2提供的数据,对基于极化SAR的河流水质污染监测技术进行了初步研究。首先介绍了电磁波的极化现象以及极化SAR的基本原理;其次结合一次同步测量实验,提取河流区域,并对极化SAR数据与水质常见监测指标的监测数据进行对比分析,通过对10个采样点18组数据的分析发现,极化相干矩阵中的T 22元素与部分水质指标(如五日生化需氧量BOD₅等)具有较强的相关性,从而反映水质的污染状况;并通过实测数据和最小二乘法,拟合得到了利用[T]矩阵元素反演BOD₅的经验公式,拟合系数达到0.82。最后通过对地表散射模型和菲涅尔系数的分析,从理论上探讨了极化相干矩阵中部分元素与水体物理性质存在相关性的原因。初步理论分析和实验数据表明,T 22元素能够反映水体的污染状况。  相似文献   

Relationship Between the Western Pacific Subtropical High and the Subtropical East Asian Diabatic Heating During South China Heavy Rains in June 2005          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Lijuan  GAO Hui  GUAN Zhaoyong  HE Jinhai 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(2):203-210

Based on the daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the position variation of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) in June 2005 and its relation to the diabatic heating in the subtropical East Asia are analyzed using the complete vertical vorticity equation. The results show that the position variation of the WPSH is indeed associated with the diabatic heating in the subtropical East Asian areas. In comparison with June climatology, stronger heating on the north side of the WPSH and relatively weak ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone) convection on the south side of the WPSH occurred in June 2005. Along with the northward movement of the WPSH, the convective latent heating extended northward from the south side of the WPSH. The heating to the west of the WPSH was generally greater than that inside the WPSH, and each significant enhancement of the heating field corresponded to a subsequent westward extension of the WPSH. In the mid troposphere, the vertical variation of heating on the north of the WPSH was greater than the climatology, which is unfavorable for the northward movement of the WPSH. On the other hand, the vertical variation of heating south of the WPSH was largely smaller than the climatology, which is favorable for the anomalous increase of anticyclonic vorticity, leading to the southward retreat of the WPSH. Before the westward extension of the WPSH in late June 2005, the vertical variation of heating rates to (in) the west (east) of the WPSH was largely higher (lower) than the climatology, which is in favor of the increase of anticyclonic (cyclonic) vorticity to (in) the west (east) of the WPSH, inducing the subsequent westward extension of the WPSH. Similar features appeared in the lower troposphere. In a word, the heating on the north-south, east-west of the WPSH worked together, resulting in the WPSH extending more southward and westward in June 2005, which is favorable to the maintenance of the rainbelt in South China.  相似文献